Careers, Jobs and Education Resources for: Chad

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution, and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005, new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and made probing attacks into eastern Chad, despite signing peace agreements in December 2006 and October 2007. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007, and the capital experienced a significant rebel threat in early 2008. (from the CIA)

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Economic Overview

Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. at least 80% of chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. a consortium led by two us companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern chad. chinese companies are also expanding exploration efforts and plan to build a refinery. the nation's total oil reserves have been estimated to be 1.5 billion barrels. oil production came on stream in late 2003. chad began to export oil in 2004. cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of chad's non-oil export earnings.

Environmental Issues

Inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

Government Type

Republic

Population

10,111,337 (july 2008 est.)

Location

Central africa, south of libya

Area

Total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km

Slightly more than three times the size of california

Country Aliases

Conventional long form: republic of chad conventional short form: chad local long form: republique du tchad/jumhuriyat tshad local short form: tchad/tshad

Capital

Name: n'djamena geographic coordinates: 12 06 n, 15 02 e time difference: utc+1 (6 hours ahead of washington, dc during standard time)

Military Service

20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)

International Disputes

Since 2003, janjawid armed militia and the sudanese military have driven hundreds of thousands of darfur residents into chad; chad remains an important mediator in the sudanese civil conflict, reducing tensions with sudan arising from cross-border banditry; chadian aozou rebels reside in southern libya; only nigeria and cameroon have heeded the lake chad commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the chad-niger and niger-nigeria boundaries

Sources: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)



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