Careers, Jobs and Education Resources for: New Zealand

The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances. (from the CIA)

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Economic Overview

Over the past 20 years the government has transformed new zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary british market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. this dynamic growth has boosted real incomes - but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder - and broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector. per capita income has risen for eight consecutive years and reached $27,300 in 2007 in purchasing power parity terms. consumer and government spending have driven growth in recent years, and exports picked up in 2006 after struggling for several years. exports were equal to about 22% of gdp in 2007, down from 33% of gdp in 2001. thus far the economy has been resilient, and the labor government promises that expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately to output. inflationary pressures have built in recent years and the central bank raised its key rate 13 times since january 2004 to finish 2007 at 8.25%. a large balance of payments deficit poses another challenge in managing the economy.

Environmental Issues

Deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by invasive species

Government Type

Parliamentary democracy

Population

4,173,460 (july 2008 est.)

Location

Oceania, islands in the south pacific ocean, southeast of australia

Area

Total: 268,680 sq km land: 268,021 sq km water: na note: includes antipodes islands, auckland islands, bounty islands, campbell island, chatham islands, and kermadec islands

About the size of colorado

Country Aliases

Conventional long form: none conventional short form: new zealand abbreviation: nz

Capital

Name: wellington geographic coordinates: 41 28 s, 174 51 e time difference: utc+12 (17 hours ahead of washington, dc during standard time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first sunday in october; ends third sunday in march note: new zealand is divided into two time zones, including chatham island

Military Service

17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18; no conscription (2008)

International Disputes

Asserts a territorial claim in antarctica (ross dependency)

Sources: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)



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