Careers, Jobs and Education Resources for: Tonga

Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. (from the CIA)

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Economic Overview

Tonga has a small, open, south pacific island economy. it has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops, and agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. the country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from new zealand. the country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. the government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. high unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government.

Environmental Issues

Deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations

Government Type

Constitutional monarchy

Population

119,009 (july 2008 est.)

Location

Oceania, archipelago in the south pacific ocean, about two-thirds of the way from hawaii to new zealand

Area

Total: 748 sq km land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km

Four times the size of washington, dc

Country Aliases

Conventional long form: kingdom of tonga conventional short form: tonga local long form: pule'anga tonga local short form: tonga former: friendly islands

Capital

Name: nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 s, 175 12 w time difference: utc+13 (18 hours ahead of washington, dc during standard time)

Military Service

18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2008)

International Disputes

None

Sources: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)



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